Word Languages: Comparativos, Superlativos, Relative Clauses y Vocabulario en Inglés

World Languages

*Grammar quiz: Comparative and superlative

1-The opposites of more and most are less and least.

2-The comparative and superlative forms of good and bad are better, best, worse, worst.

3-We use -er and -est as the comparative and superlative forms of one- and two-syllable adjectives.

4-The comparative and superlative ending of adjectives which end in -y are -ier and -iest (the y disappears).

5-We use as + adjective + as or not as + adjective + as to show something is or is not the same or equal.

6-To show a big difference before a comparative adjective we use much or a lot.

7-To show a small difference before a comparative adjective we use slightly or a little.

8-The expression one of the + superlative is followed by a plural noun.

*Relative clauses

-Type A (Explicativas; non-defining): give you extra information about the noun they refer to.

-Type B (Especificativas; defining): give you information that tells you which person, place or thing the speaker is talking about.

CLASES:

-> Who: que, quien, el cual, la cual (personas)

-> Which: que, el cual, la cual (cosas)

-> That: que, el cual, la cual (personas y cosas)

-> Whose: cuyo, de quien (posesión en personas o cosas)

-> Whom: (muy formal) se usa siempre después de una preposición

-> Where: en donde, en el que, en lo que (lugar)

-> When: en el que, en la que (tiempo)

*Vocabulario

-Attentive: atento      -Intrusive: impertinente      -Motivated: motivado/a

-Bored: aburrido      -Neutral: neutral      -Responsible: responsable

-Decisive: decidido      -Rude: grosero      -Confident: seguro de sí mismo

-Distracted: distraído      -Supportive: que te apoya      -Enthusiastic: entusiasmado

-Encouraging: motivador      -Analytical: analítico      -Innovative: innovador

-Friendly: simpático      -Diplomatic: diplomático      -Punctual: puntual

-Interested: interesado      -Flexible: flexible      -Thorough: completo

*Giving opinion

-I'm (...) sure...    -I really do think...    -From a (...) point of view...    -In my opinion    -I think

*Agreeing

-Yes, I agree completely    -Yes, definitely    -I agree    -I'd go along with that    -Yes, you have a point there

*Disagreeing

-In my opinion, that's out of the question    -I'm afraid I disagree completely

-I'm afraid I can't agree with that idea    -Sorry, but I don't agree    -I'm afraid that's not how you see it.

Consumer trends

1-In line with: similar to       2-Retail outlet: shop or store

3-Household expenditure: money spent by people in one house

4-Single-person household: house with one person living in it

5-Birth rate: babies born during a particular period.

6-Life expectancy: years that someone is likely to live

7-Dependent child: child who needs financial support

8-Disposable income: money to spend after paying taxes, etc.

*Present and past trends

-Little: poco/a + incontable      -Few: pocas/os + contables      -A little: un poco + incontable

-A few: unos pocos + contable      -Fewer: menos      -A lot less: mucho menos      -Less: menos

-More: más      -A lot more: mucho más

Con verbos -- By + % (en)      -- From + to (de - a...)

Con sustantivos -- In (en o de)      -- Of (de un)

*Adjectives

Adverbs                 Adjectives             Type of change

1-Dramatically               Dramatic             Sudden, very large and often surprising

2-Sharply                  Sharp                  Sudden and rapid

3-Steadily                 Steady                  Even and regular

4-Gradually               Gradual                 Slow and regular, not sudden

5-Slightly                  Slight                  Very small

Ejercicio: If I say I've baked a cake -> How have you prepared it? -> You have cooked it in the oven.

2-Chilled: made very cold (but not frozen)

3-Deep-fried: cooked in an oil that covers the food completely

4-Grilled: cooked in an oven by heat from above

5-Ground: made into small pieces or powder

6-Marinated: put in a mixture of oil and spices

7-Poached: cooked gently in a small amount of liquid

8-Sautéed: fried quickly in a little hot fat

9-Smoked: given a smoky flavour from a wood fire

10-Stuffed: filled with something

*Vocabulario (continuación)

1.Criteria: the specific rules to do something

2-Code of conduct: a set of moral rules of behaviour

3-Dominate: to control or have a lot of influence

4-Energy-efficient: using energy in a way that wastes little of it

5-Ethical: something ethical is what is correct or fair.

6-Exploited: treated unfairly, not receiving much in return for work.

7-Growth market: markets showing an increase in investment

8-Market share: the percentage of total sales of a product in a particular area achieved by one company

9-Organic food: food or drink which doesn't contain any chemicals, only natural products.

10-Sweatshop: a place where people work a lot in very bad conditions and get very little money for it.

11-Two-way process: a process moving in two different directions.

12-Specialize: to acquire a good knowledge about something.

13-Out of work: unemployed       14-Motivated: encouraged.

15-Accent: the special way in which somebody pronounces words.

16-Birth rate: the number of children who are born every year.

17-Negotiate: reach an agreement

18-Brand: something which helps to identify a product.

19-Investment: something worth buying because it may be profitable in the future.

20-Consumer: the person who buys goods and services for personal use.

21-Commute: travel a distance (from one's home or place of work) using a public means of transport.

22-Discount: a reduction in prices       23-Flexible: easy to adapt to different shapes

24-Diplomatic: polite; tactful       25-Workforce: the people available for a job

26-Practical: useful       27-CEO: the most important person in a firm/business.

28-Retail outlet: place where goods are sold

29-Chilled: an unpleasant feeling of coldness.       30-Fluctuate: vary or change very slightly

31-Maternity leave: permission to be absent because you're becoming a mother

32-Subsidiary: small company which is controlled by a "parent company"

33-Responsible for: in charge of something

34-Body language: the expressions and movements (gestures) you use to communicate with others.