Key Concepts in English Grammar: Tenses, Adjectives, Modals
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English Grammar and Vocabulary Notes
Verb Tenses
Present Simple
Usage
- Routine, habit in the present.
Form
- Affirmative: Subject + verb (base form) or verb + -s/-es (for He, She, It).
- Negative: Subject + don't / doesn't + base form.
- Interrogative: Do / Does + Subject + base form?
Adverbs
- always, usually, often, hardly ever, rarely, ever, sometimes, ... a week.
Present Continuous
Usage
- Action happening now.
Form
- Subject + am / is / are + verb + -ing.
- Negative: Subject + am not / isn't / aren't + verb + -ing.
Rules for -ing
- If ending in -e: remove -e and add -ing (e.g., dance: dancing).
- If ending in consonant + vowel + consonant (stressed syllable): double the last consonant and add -ing (e.g., run: running).
Past Simple
Usage
- Is a specific time, started and finished