Gramática en Inglés: Posesivos, Condicionales y Voz Pasiva

Pronombres y Adjetivos Posesivos

Correspondencia entre pronombres personales y posesivos con su equivalencia en español:

• My (de I): mío/a, míos/as (o mi / mis).
• Your (de you): tuyo/a, tuyos/as (o tu / tus).
• His (de he): suyo/a, suyos/as (de él).
• Her (de she): suyo/a, suyos/as (de ella).
• Its (de it): suyo/a, suyos/as (de una cosa o animal).
• Our (de we): nuestro/a, nuestros/as.
• Your (de you, plural): vuestro/a, vuestros/as.
• Their (de they): suyo/a, suyos/as (de ellos/as).

Los Condicionales en Inglés

First Conditional (Tipo 1)

Este tipo de condicional se utiliza para el futuro y en los casos en que es muy probable que la condición suceda.

Estructura: If + present simple / present continuous + subject + will + infinitive

Ejemplos:

• If I see Peter, I'll give him your message.
• If it's raining when I leave the office tonight, I'll get a taxi home.
• I want to go with you. I will ask my boss to let me have the day off = If my boss lets me have the day off, I will go with you.

Second Conditional (Tipo 2)

Se utiliza el tipo 2 para expresar una posibilidad irreal en el presente, como un deseo o un sueño, o para una acción en el futuro no tan probable.

Estructura:

• Condición (If): Past simple
• Resultado: "Would" + infinitivo

Ejemplo:

I want to buy a new car. I haven't got money = If I had (past) money, I would buy a new car.

Third Conditional (Tipo 3)

A diferencia de los tipos 1 y 2, se utiliza el tercer tipo de condicional cuando hablamos de una condición en el pasado que no ha sucedido.

Estructura: If + Past perfect (had + past participle) + "Would have" + past participle

Ejemplos:

• I went to visit Clara but she was not at home, so I couldn't see her = If Clara had been at home, I would have seen her.
• I didn't have time. I didn't go shopping = If I had had time, I would have gone shopping.

La Voz Pasiva (Passive Voice)

Estructuras y transformaciones activas a pasivas en diferentes tiempos verbales:

• Present Simple: am / are / is + past participle
  Activa: People play football all over the world.
  Pasiva: Football is played all over the world.
• Present Continuous: am / are / is + being + past participle
  Activa: They are counting the money.
  Pasiva: The money is being counted.
• Past Simple: was / were + past participle
  Activa: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
  Pasiva: Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.
• Past Continuous: was / were + being + past participle
  Activa: We couldn't use the photocopier because someone was repairing it.
  Pasiva: The photocopier was being repaired.
• Present Perfect: have / has + been + past participle
  Activa: Someone has put up those posters.
  Pasiva: Those posters have been put up.
• Past Perfect Simple: had + been + past participle
  Activa: When I got back to the car park, someone had stolen my car.
  Pasiva: My car had been stolen.
• Verbos Modales:
  • Subject + will / can + be + past participle
  • Subject + should + have been + past participle