Guia completa de gramàtica anglesa: temps, modals i condicionals

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Escrito el 6 de Octubre de 2026 en catalán con un tamaño de 8,42 KB

Guia Completa de Gramàtica Anglesa

	Active	Passive	PISTES
Present Simple	→ he/she/it + s don’t/doesn’t + v.inf ? QW + Do/does + S + Vinf ?	am/is/are + Vpp	Present Simple	adv. of frequency state verbs ⇒ yesterday, when, ago, last…
Past Simple	→ ed / 2nd column didn’t + vb.inf ? QW + did + s + v.inf ?	was/were + Vpp	Past Simple	adv. of frequency state verbs ⇒ yesterday, when, ago, last…
Present Continuous	am/is/are (n’t) + V-ing	am/is/are + being + v.pp	Present Continuous	look! watch out! at the moment! while… this…
Past Continuous	was/were (n’t) + V-ing	was/were + being + v.pp	Past Continuous	while
Present Perfect	have/has + v.pp	have/has + been + Vpp	Present Perfect	for, since, just, ever, never, yet, already, still, lately…
Past Perfect	had + v.pp	had + been + Vpp	Past Perfect
Future	will / to be going to + Vinf	will + be + Vpp to be going to + be + Vpp	Future
Modal Verb	Can / will / would / must + inf	Can / will / would / must + be + pp	Modal verb

Less probable ⇒ WILL

More probable ⇒ GOING TO

Super probable ⇒ PRESENT SIMPLE / PRESENT CONTINUOUS

* OTHER FUTURE FORMS

FUTURE CONTINUOUS ⇒ Actions or situations at a specific time in the future.

This time tomorrow…

In five years' time… ⇒ will be + V-ing

This time next month…

Taula de verbs modals, usos i exemples:

Be able to: Habilidad (She can play many instruments)
Can: Habilidad (She can play the violin), Petición (Can I go out, please?), Posibilidad (It can be funny)
Can’t: Falta de habilidad (I can’t speak Chinese), Certeza de que algo es imposible (It’s Monday. He can’t be out.)
Could: Habilidad en el pasado (When I was young, I could run very fast), Petición educada (Could you open the window, please?), Sugerencia educada (You could go by bus), Posibilidad (It could be dangerous)
Don’t have to: Falta de obligación (I don’t have to go to school on Sunday)
Have to: Necesidad u obligación (You have to get up early or you’ll be late)
May: Posibilidad (It may rain tomorrow), Petición educada (May I come in, please?)
Might: Posibilidad (It might be difficult to pass if you don’t study)
Must: Necesidad u obligación (You must study), Certeza de que algo es cierto (They’re getting married tomorrow, they must be very happy)
Mustn’t: Prohibición (You mustn’t smoke here)
Need to: Necesidad u obligación (You need to eat healthier if you want to lose weight)
Needn’t: Ausencia de obligación o necesidad (You needn’t buy wine, we have enough)
Ought to: Consejo, opinión (You ought to do more exercise)
Should: Consejo, opinión (You should do more exercise)
Would: Petición formal (Would you close the door, please?), Ofrecimiento (Would you like a coffee?)

TYPE OF CONDITIONALS

IF CLAUSE

2nd CLAUSE

Zero: Something that is always true (or was always true in the past). To talk about situations which always produce the same results.

If / Unless / When / Until

If you pour oil on water,

PRESENT SIMPLE

it floats

Other examples:

Most plants die unless you water them regularly = Unless you water them regularly, most plants die. UNLESS + affirmative verb = If + negative verb

The computer doesn’t shut down until you close all the programs. When light hits a solar panel, it is converted into electricity.

1st: Possible future situations	If I pass the exam, PRESENT SIMPLE Unless I study hard,	I’ll go to medical school WILL/WON’T + inf I won’t go to medical school.
2nd: Imaginary or hypothetical situations	If I won £100, If you don’t work out, Unless you work out, PAST SIMPLE	I would take you to Paris. you won’t have any energy. you won’t have any energy. WOULD + inf
3rd: We use the third conditional to talk about a situation that was possible in the past but didn’t happen.	If I’d (I had) trained harder, (It was possible for me to train harder, but I didn’t, so I didn’t win the race). PAST PERFECT	I would have won the race. WOULD + HAVE + PP

About the Present Things we aren’t happy about and, ideally, would like to change.	About the Past We use this structure to talk about past situations that we regret.
If only / I wish + past simple	If only / I wish + past perfect
If only / I wish I was good at football (= I’m not happy about this present situation. I would like to change it)	I wish / If only I hadn’t left my umbrella at home this morning.

Direct speech ⇒ It repeats the exact words between “ ”

Indirect speech ⇒ It is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken.

HOW? ⇒ Reporting verbs

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