Guia de gramàtica anglesa: suggeriments, clàusules i temps
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1. Expressions per fer i respondre a suggeriments
A continuació es mostren diferents estructures útils per demanar, fer i respondre a suggeriments en anglès:
- Asking for suggestions:
- What do you suggest?
- What places do you suggest visiting?
- Making a suggestion:
- How about...?
- Why don't you go to...?
- You should go to...
- You could stay with...
- Reacting to suggestions:
- That sounds great!
- I'm not very keen on that.
- I'd love to go there.
- That would be fantastic!
2. Relative Clauses (Oracions de relatiu)
Defining Relative Clauses
Estructura: Main clause + who / which + relative clause
- This is the boy who plays the guitar.
- This is the book which I bought yesterday.
Non-defining Relative Clauses
Estructura: Main clause + link (pronom relatiu entre comes) + relative clause
- Opportunities, which is green, is our book.
- Peter, who is very fat, is very strange.
3. Word Formation (Formació de paraules)
| Noun (Nom) | Adjective (Adjectiu) | Adverb (Adverbi) | Verb (Verb) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sadness | Sad | Sadly | To sadden |
| Organisation | Organised | — | To organise |
| Fall | — | — | To fall |
| Ambition | Ambitious | Ambitiously | — |
| Success | Successful | Successfully | To succeed |
| Death | Dead | Deadly | To die |
| Preparation | — | — | To prepare |
| Bravery | Brave | Bravely | To brave |
| Darkness | Dark | Darkly | To darken |
| Desperation | Desperate | Desperately | — |
| Disaster | Disastrous | Disastrously | — |
| Difficulty | Difficult | Difficultly | — |
| Failure | Failing / Failed | — | To fail |
| Explorer / Exploration | Explored | — | To explore |
| Disappointment | Disappointed | — | To disappoint |
4. Conditional Sentences (Condicionals)
- Zero Conditional (coses que sempre ocorren):
Estructura: If + Present Simple, Present Simple
Exemple: If you put a paper in fire, it burns. - First Conditional (coses possibles en el futur):
Estructura: If + Present Simple, Future Simple (will)
Exemple: If I get good grades in June, my parents will give me a new PC. - Second Conditional (coses improbables o consells):
Estructura: If + Past Simple, Conditional Simple (would)
Exemple: If I were the president, I would live in La Moncloa.
5. State Verbs (Verbs d'estat)
Aquests verbs generalment no s'utilitzen en formes contínues (-ing):
Be, have, think, believe, understand, mind, forget, remember, mean, matter, imagine, know, like, love, hate, look, taste, smell, sound, belong to, own, cost, want, prefer, seem, realise.
6. Reported Speech (Estil indirecte)
Canvis verbals principals
- Imperative: to + infinitive
- Present Simple: Past Simple
- Present Continuous: Past Continuous
- Past Simple / Present Perfect: Past Perfect
- Future Simple (will): Conditional Simple (would)
- Going to: was / were going to
Reporting Verbs
- Said: per a frases i afirmacions en general.
- Told: per a ordres i indicacions dirigides a un complement de persona (told someone).
- Asked: per a preguntes i precs.
- Ordered: per a ordres explícites.