Present Perfect, Past Perfect i Reported Speech: Guia d'Anglès

Present perfect simple (Jo he estat)

Afirmativa                            Negativa

I/You have talked                         I/You haven't talked

He/She/It has talked                      He/She/It hasn't talked

We/You/They have talked               We/You/They haven't talked

Present perfect continuous (Jo he estat fent)

Afirmativa                              Negativa

I/You have been working             I/You haven't been working

He/She/It has been working             He/She/It hasn't been working

We/You/They have been working       We/You/They haven't been working

Have I been working?

Past perfect simple (Jo havia estat)

Afirmativa                               Negativa

I/You had started                         I/You hadn't started

He/She/It had started                    He/She/It hadn't started

We/You/They had started               We/You/They hadn't started

Past perfect continuous (Jo havia estat fent)

Afirmativa                                   Negativa

I/You had been travelling              I/You hadn't been travelling

He/She/It had been travelling           He/She/It hadn't been travelling

We/You/They had been travelling       We/You/They hadn't been travelling

Future perfect simple (Jo hauré estat)

Afirmativa                                 Negativa

I/You will have finished             I/You won't have finished

He/She/It will have finished           He/She/It won't have finished

We/You/They will have finished       We/You/They won't have finished

Reported speech

Today = That day       Yesterday = The previous day       Tomorrow = The following day

Here = There                      Present → Past (-ED)

Past simple (-ED) → Past perfect simple (had -ED)

Future (will) → Conditional (would)

Past simple (-ED) / Continuous: I was -ING

-''I will go to the cinema with my husband tomorrow'', Claire said.

Claire said that she would go to the cinema with her husband the next day.

-The doctor asked my mom if she had had a cold before.

Have you had a cold before? ''The doctor asked my mom''.

-The boy wanted to know where they were heading.

Where are we heading?, ''The boy wanted to know.

-''Don't leave the room right now!'' The teacher told the students.

The teacher told the students not to leave the room then.

-''I'll pick you up at 8 o'clock'', she said to her boyfriend. (that)

She said to her boyfriend that she would pick him up at 8 o'clock.

-''Don't leave the house'', she ordered Paul. (not)

She ordered Paul not to leave the house.

-''Did you have an exam yesterday?'' Ann asked Bill. (whether)

Ann asked Bill whether he had had an exam the previous day.

-''Let's go to the beach tomorrow'', I suggested. (that)

I suggested that we go to the beach the next day.

-''Do you know what time it is now?'', My mother asked me.

My mother asked me if I knew what time it was then.

-''Wait for me here'', Mr Smith told the students. (to)

Mr Smith told the students to wait for him there.

-''You must arrive on time'', my boss said. (had to)

My boss said that I had to arrive on time.

Exercici de canviar la frase

-Because of the bad weather, nobody arrived. (since)

Nobody arrived since the weather was bad.

-Your weight is too high, therefore you'll have to go on a diet. (as a result of)

As a result of your high weight, you have to go on a diet.

-We worked all afternoon and then we finally had dinner. (after)

After we had been working all afternoon, we finally had dinner.

-I started dancing when I was five. (since)

I have been dancing since I was five.

-Dennis has been studying art for a year. (ago)

Dennis started studying art a year ago.