Vocabulari i Gramàtica Anglesa: Música, Passiva i Verbs Irregulars

Vocabulari de música i tecnologia

Estils musicals: nu metal, nou metal, heavy metal, hip hop, reggae, jazz, country, R&B (rhythm and blues), rock, classical, folk, dance, indie, punk, pop.

Termes musicals:

• DJ: disc jockey
• MC: master of ceremonies
• Breakdance: acrobatic dance (dansa acrobàtica)
• Gangsta rap: style of rap (estil de rap)
• Gramophone: gramòfon
• CD: CD
• Cassette: casset
• Mobile phone: mòbil
• Gold disc: disc d'or

Verbs útils

• Record: gravar
• Produce: produir
• Pay: pagar
• Manage: dirigir, administrar
• Sell: vendre
• Award: premiar
• Invent: inventar
• Replace: substituir
• Ban: censurar, prohibir
• Buy: comprar
• Download: descarregar
• Release: treure a la venda, publicar
• Advertise: publicitar
• Use: utilitzar
• Employ: emprar, contractar
• Offer: oferir
• Criticise: criticar

Paraules i expressions gramaticals

• When: quan
• Be: es (passiva)
• By: per (agent)
• Was / were: era / eren (fue / fueron en castellà)
• Banned: prohibit
• Will: es (futur)
• How many: quants
• Who: qui / que
• How often: amb quina freqüència
• Which: quin / quina
• Some: alguns
• Both: tant
• Most: més
• All: tots els

Nota: Both i all poden canviar de posició:

• They were both good o both of them were good
• They all write songs o all of them write songs

What's the problem with it?: Quin és el problema amb ell?

Estat de les coses

• Scratched: ratllat
• Torn: trencat
• Damaged: espatllat
• Faded: descolorit
• Faulty: defectuós

Participi passat de verbs irregulars

Verbs com pay (pagar), put (posar), read (llegir), ride (muntar), rise (elevar), run (córrer), say (dir), see (veure), sell (vendre), send (enviar), set (organitzar), shine (brillar), show (mostrar), sing (cantar), sit (asseure's), sleep (dormir), smell (olorar), speak (parlar), spell (deletrejar), spend (gastar diners), stand (estar dempeus), steal (robar), strike (atacar), swim (nedar), take (agafar), teach (ensenyar), tell (dir), think (pensar), throw (llançar), understand (entendre), wake up (despertar-se), wear (portar posat), win (guanyar), write (escriure).

Llista de participis passats irregulars: been (ser), became (convertit), begun (començat), bid (oferta), bitten (mossegat), broken (trencat), brought (portat), built (construït), burnt (cremat), bought (comprat), caught (capturat), chosen (escollit), come (venir), cost (costar), cut (tallar), dug (excavat), done (fet), drawn (elaborat), eaten (menjat), fallen (caigut), fed (alimentat), felt (sentit), fought (lluitat), found (trobat), flown (volat), forgotten (oblidat), got (obtingut), got up (aixecat), given (donat), gone (anat), grown (crescut), hung (penjat), had (tingut), heard (sentit), hidden (ocult), hit (colpejat), held (sostingut), hurt (ferit), kept (mantingut), known (sabut), learnt / learned (après), left (deixat), lent (prestat), let (deixar), lain (estirat), lit (encès), lost (perdut), made (fet), met (trobat).

Veu passiva

Present passiu

Afirmatiu: subjecte + am / is / are + participi passat. Ex: I am paid.

Negatiu: subjecte + am / is / are + not + participi passat. Ex: I am not paid.

Passat passiu

Afirmatiu: subjecte + was / were + participi passat. Ex: You were paid.

Negatiu: subjecte + was / were + not + participi passat. Ex: He wasn't paid.

Futur passiu

Afirmatiu: subjecte + will be + participi passat. Ex: I will be paid.

Negatiu: subjecte + won't be + participi passat. Ex: I won't be paid.

Preguntes

• Present: Am I paid? No, I'm not. / Are you paid? No, you aren't. / Is she paid? No, she isn't.
• Passat: Were you paid? Yes, I was. / Was I paid? No, I wasn't.
• Futur: Will he be paid? No, he won't. / Will I be paid? Yes, I will.

Recorda

Per especificar qui és l'agent s'utilitza by: The criminal was caught by the police.