English Vocabulary Units 4-9: Key Words, Phrases and Meanings with Examples

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UNIT 4

to go on vacation (to go on holiday)
thrill (excitement)
brave (courageous)
to dive (to jump into water)
skydiving (jumping from a plane)
scuba diving (deep-sea swimming)
to look for (to seek / sought / sought)
to come with the territory (be a normal and accepted part of a situation)
cave (large hole in the ground)
injury (harm or damage)
location (a place or position)
narrow (not wide)
to reach (get to)
diver (someone who dives)
to get stuck (be unable to move)
to run out of (to have no more of)
to collapse (to fall down)
to trap (to catch)
crucial (extremely important)
in the event of (in case of)
to delay (to cause to be late)
ascent (a movement upward)
depth (quality of being deep)
caution (carefulness)
unpredictable (impossible to foretell)
current (a movement of water)
to sweep away (to destroy)
demanding (exigent)
to warn (to tell someone about possible danger)
to turn back (to return)
to come to mind (to think of something)
nothing beats (it is impossible to find something better than)
hole (an opening into something)
sheer (absolute, pure)
spot (place)
not a single (not one)
to touch (to feel with your fingers)
to be likely to (will probably)
to pose a problem (be a problem)
to freeze / froze / frozen (change from liquid to solid)
to take place (to happen)
cage (box for animals)
shy (timid)
unlikely (not probable)
to grab (to take hold of something)
tail (animal: end part)
fin (a thin flat part that sticks out from the body of a fish)
common sense (good judgement)
lure (tempting)
to agree (to have the same opinion)
to be hooked (to be addicted)
rush (sudden intense emotion)
to draw / drew / drawn (to attract)
to fill (to make or become full)
beneath (under)
stunning (extremely impressive)
to resemble (to look like)
disappointing (not as good as you had hoped)
choice (option)
how about (used for suggestions)
flood (an overflowing of water in a normally dry area)
aftermath (the period that follows an unpleasant event)
firsthand (received directly from a source)
widespread (happening in many places)
damage (harm)
loss (amount lost)
to struggle (to fight)
to cater to (to satisfy the needs of)
to come face-to-face with (be confronted by)
to steer clear of (to avoid someone or something)
to witness (to observe)
in need (not having enough money or food)
assistance (help or support)
drop (to reduce, fall)
barely (hardly)
to spill (to cause liquid to fall out)
(a) piece of advice (recommendation)
to patronize (to support)
good value (worth what you pay for it)
out of service (not working)
to lower (to reduce)
to entice (to attract)
crowd (a large number of people gathered together)
terrific (fantastic)
bargain (item sold at a discount)
to give it a try (to make an attempt to do something)
to make sure (to ensure)
ahead of (in front of)
upset (emotionally disturbed)
a pile (a group of things placed one on top of another)
a brick (a block for construction)
reliable (trustworthy)
shelter (refuge)
inexpensive (cheap)
to amuse (to entertain)
sensitive (easily hurt)
in trouble (in a difficult situation)
to strike / struck / struck (to hit)
to go down (to decrease)
annoyed (bothered or irritated)
to raise (money) (to collect)
available (obtainable)

UNIT 5

cows (cattle)
herd (a group of animals of a single kind)
to say hello (to greet)
wealth (a large amount of money and possessions)
pride (a high opinion of yourself)
present (gift)
to acknowledge (recognize; admit)
to date back to (exist since)
to hunt (to chase and kill wild animals)
wild (untamed)
ancestor (predecessor)
to pave the way for (to make possible)
settlement (a small community of people living in a new place)
scholar (a learned person)
leather (a material made from the skin of an animal)
to plow (turning up the earth for planting)
shift (change)
peaceful (calm; quiet)
to undergo (to endure; to experience)
appropriate (suitable)
to rule out (to eliminate)
to display (show, exhibit)
to breed / bred / bred (to reproduce, to procreate)
to graze (to feed on growing grass)
to escape (to run away)
to be used to (to be accustomed to)
to fit the bill (to be a suitable choice)
beneficial (advantageous)
disease (sickness, illness)
to clear (to make clean and tidy)
win-win situation (an arrangement that is good for both sides)
to disagree (not agree)
account (explanation)
to cite (to quote)
startling (very surprising, astonishing)
finding (discovery)
to trace back to (to find the origin of something)
actually (in fact, really)
rare (not common)
wedding (marriage ceremony)
highly (very)
hardly (not very much, barely)
surgery (medical operation)
pet (domestic animal)
fox (a dog-like mammal)
to domesticate (to tame)
the wild (an area where animals run free)
affectionate (gentle and loving)
to wag (to move from side to side)
to scoop up (to pick up)
to hand over (to give something to someone else)
to cradle (to hold gently and protectively)
peacefully (calmly)
offspring (the young of a person, animal, or plant)
in close proximity (near)
truly (really, actually)
to gather up (to collect)
success (the accomplishment of an aim)
eager (enthusiastic; to be eager to)
to bond with (to develop a close connection to)
solely (only)
to unlock (to discover new facts about something and make them known to people)
set (a collection of objects)
curly (having a curved shape)
potential (possible)
spot (marking)
coat (animal's hair)
cute (adorable, pretty)
remarkably (surprisingly)
to turn out (to be) (to prove to be, to become)
at work (having an influence)
down the road (in the future)
to pat (to touch gently)
to scratch (to rub with fingernails)

UNIT 6

brief (containing few words)
wealthy (rich)
a fact of life (something that cannot be changed and must be accepted)
steel (hard metal made of iron and carbon)
layer (level)
a safeguard (protective measure)
to pay off (a positive result brought about by hard work)
death toll (the number of people who have died)
not stand a chance (to have no possibility of achieving something)
beyond someone's means (more than one can afford)
to withstand (to resist successfully)
to crumble (to break)
to shake / shook / shaken (to vibrate)
tremor (a shaking movement)
roof (the top of a house)
to tumble down (to fall down)
local (of a place)
widely (extensively)
tyre (rubber around a wheel)
a matter of life and death (a very important matter)
first step (beginning)
resilient (able to recover quickly)
to be prone to (to tend to)
discouraging (causing someone to lose confidence)
to say nothing of (in addition to, and even more important than)
to afford (to be able to pay for)
eventually (finally)
skyscraper (a very high building)
roots (origins)
to spread / spread / spread (to expand, extend)
to make way for (to make space for)
alike (similar)
to tell apart (to be able to see the difference between two very similar things)
turn of the century (the passage from one century to another)
to give up (to stop trying, surrender)
unfamiliar (with) (not known or recognized)
privacy (the right of people not to reveal information about themselves)
to update (to bring up to date; modernize; renovate)
to heat (to make hot)
cool (pleasantly cold)
a breath of fresh air (someone or something new and different that makes everything more exciting)
to keep (something) in mind (to remember something)
bottom (the lowest part)
upper (higher than others)
breeze (a light wind)
a row (things in a line)
high-rise (building) (a building with many floors)
to get in touch with (to contact someone)
cultural heritage (legacy of traditions, etc.)
in keeping with (consistent with, in conformity with)
an extended family (parents, children, and other relatives in the same household)
underneath (below)
career (profession)
to blend (to mix)
all over (everywhere)
to draw / drew / drawn inspiration (from) (to get ideas from)

UNIT 7

sibling (brother or sister)
to shape (to form, to mould)
to inherit (to receive genes from a parent)
to raise (to rear)
on his own (by himself)
(to be) gifted (talented)
quiet (silent)
unlike (different from)
to care (about) (to be concerned about)
to grow up (to become an adult)
peer group (a group of individuals of roughly the same age and interests)
well-known (famous)
crosswords (puzzles with words in the newspapers)
at random (by chance)
at least (not less than)
to attempt (to try; to make an effort)
to stand out (to be noticeable)
praise (recognition for good work)
support (help)
to behave (to act in a certain way)
subsequent (following)
well-behaved (conducting oneself in an appropriate manner)
successful (accomplishing an aim)
to assume (to take for granted; to suppose)
only child (a child who has no siblings)
noisy (making a lot of noise)
to fall apart (to start having problems that you cannot deal with)
to draw distinctions (to say that two things are different)
full-time (working at least 40 hours a week)
minor (small, unimportant)
a phase (a stage)
rather than (instead of)
label (identification tag)
expectation (belief that something will happen)
to get into trouble (to have problems)
assignment (a piece of work that you are given to do)
a clue (hint, evidence)
caution (warning)
twins (siblings born on the same day)
identical twins (siblings from the same egg)
to untangle (to separate)
alike (similar)
to differ (to be different)
to develop (to grow and become more mature)
wrinkle (lines on your face and skin that you get when you are old)
lately (recently)
cutting-edge (extremely modern and advanced)
to alter (to change)
to come into play (to become important)
script (the written text of a play)
a play (drama)
cell (basic unit of life)
to suppress (to end an activity)
anything but (definitely not)
surroundings (all around, in the area)
to age (to get older)
to astonish (to surprise)
to pass on (to give something to your children through your genes)
to force to (to make someone do something you want)
isolated (separated from others)
to turn out (to have a particular result)
pregnancy (gestation)
to overeat (to eat too much)
clear (easy to understand)
overweight (person with excessive body fat)
mess (disorder)
insurance (protection against financial loss)
rate (ratio)

UNIT 8

accomplishment (achievement)
Golden Age (period of great cultural achievement)
anything but (definitely not)
discovery (act of finding)
to sustain (to support)
to lay the foundation for (to set the conditions that make something possible)
daily (every day)
soap (a substance used as a cleaner)
to stretch (to spread out, expand)
border (frontier line)
at the height of one's power (at the most advanced stage)
massive (huge)
to fuel (to give energy to; to encourage)
growth (increase in size)
from far and wide (from everywhere)
trade (exchange of goods and services)
to make one's mark (to become famous and successful)
(be) at the heart of (to be a principal part of)
to raise (to lift)
to tackle (to deal with)
to slide / slid / slid (to move easily and without interruption over a surface)
surface (outer side)
a wide range of (a wide variety of)
to boil (to change from a liquid to a gas)
mixture (a substance made by mixing other substances together)
to collect (to gather)
to cool (to make colder)
to turn back into (to return to its original form)
Muslim (a follower of Islam)
matter (subject, issue)
mosque (a Muslim place of worship)
a prayer (an attempt to contact God, usually through words)
it comes as no surprise that (it is not surprising that)
a chemist (an expert in chemistry)
to remove (to eliminate, take away)
dirt (filth)
to rinse (to wash something in order to remove soap)
field (of) (area)
to draw on / drew / drawn (to use)
a breakthrough (a major discovery or progress)
trust (n) (confidence)
strength (force)
glue (a sticky substance used for joining things together)
to end up (to finish in a certain way)
to attach (to fasten or join one thing to another)
messy (untidy or dirty)
bookmark (a marker placed in a book)
to fit the bill (to be suitable)
to fold (to bend something: paper or cloth)
to enchant (to please greatly)
countless (innumerable)
these days (nowadays)
craft (making things by hand)
tiny (very small)
proven (verified)
to quit / quit / quit (a job) (to resign)
full-time (working at least 40 hours a week)
to come to the realization that (to begin to understand)
insight (knowledge)
puzzle (enigma)
lively (full of life and energy)
to figure out (to understand, find the answer)
to realize (to be aware of)
to do the trick (to be the right solution)
a lens (a piece of glass with a curved surface that makes objects appear larger or smaller)
football field (football pitch)
damaged (harmed or injured)
a pad of paper (a large number of sheets fastened together)
a drop (a small amount)
a layer (level)
to deliver (to carry, to distribute)
mountain range (a series of connected mountains)
some sort of (kind of)
come as no surprise (not surprising)
to have the potential (to possess the capability)
to reach (to get to, arrive at)

UNIT 9

to rescue (to save from danger)
cartoon (comic strip)
to blow up (to explode)
skilled work (job requiring highly trained workers)
increasingly (more and more)
to rest on the shoulders of (to be the responsibility of)
railroad car (passenger coach of a train)
poisonous (toxic)
track (railway line)
firefighter (a person whose job is to put out fires)
to rise / rose / risen (to move upwards)
to breathe (to draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs)
within (on the inside of)
oblivious (unaware)
a hose (firefighter's water tube)
vantage point (a place that provides a good view)
to be out (fire) (to be extinguished)
safe (not in danger)
a close call (something extremely serious that almost happens)
(be) suspicious (distrustful, fearful that something is not what it seems to be)
package (parcel)
vacuum cleaner (an electrical appliance that cleans surfaces by suction)
to approach (to come near)
to cause (to bring about, bring on, give rise to, lead to)
to be on the safe side (to do something to prevent the possibility of something bad happening)
to pick up (to lift something using your hands)
empty (containing nothing)
a false alarm (a warning about a danger that is not real)
wounded (injured)
rough (not smooth)
alive (not dead)
search-and-rescue (looking for people who are lost or in danger and bringing them back safe)
unstable (not steady, not reliable)
to call out (to shout)
knock (to repeatedly hit something, producing a noise)
helpless (without the ability to take action, defenceless)
to come to the rescue (to help someone who is in trouble)
to turn into (to transform)
brick (a block of hard material used in building)
hazardous (dangerous)
to release (to set free)
to defuse (a bomb) (to prevent a bomb from exploding)
to take a risk (to do something although something bad might happen because of it)
wirelessly (sending and receiving electronic signals by using radio waves)
to break out (to start, usually suddenly)
evil (morally bad)
to take over (to take control of something)
to spend / spent / spent time (-ing) (to devote time to doing something)
from head to toe (completely covering your body)
thoughtful (considerate)
scowl (an angry or bad-tempered expression)
to be after something (to want, to look for)
a response (a reply)
pioneer (innovator)
key features (primary or major characteristics)
to mimic (to imitate)
fully (completely)
paradox (a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true)
to cross the line (to behave in a way that is not acceptable)
a measure of success (a modest, but not high, level of accomplishment)
to put (something) to the test (to try something out to see if it works)
cute (adorable)
to be about to (to be on the point of)
to put away (to put something back in the correct place)
closet (a room or compartment for storing or hanging items)
unfair (not right or just)
a long way to go (a lot of work still to do)