Gramática inglesa: tiempos verbales, voz pasiva, sufijos y estilo indirecto

Tiempos verbales en voz activa y pasiva

Present simple: opens/open → is/are opened
Present continuous: is/are opening → is/are being opened
Present perfect: has/have opened → has/have been opened
Past simple: opened → was/were opened
Past continuous: was/were opening → was/were being opened
Past perfect: had opened → had been opened
Future simple: will open → will be opened
Future perfect: will have opened → will have been opened
Conditional: would open → would be opened

Sufijos para formar adjetivos

-able: reason, comfort, profit
-al: music, politics, nation, accident, education, logic, origin, region, culture
-ful: colour, help, pain, success, peace, beauty, wonder
-ible: horror, sense, access, terror
-ive: offence, attraction, destruction, construction, creation, action, effect, product/production
-ous: courage, danger, prestige, disaster, envy
-y: luck, cloud, bloody, sun, mud, rain, sand, dirt, dust, hair, fun, thirst, anger, hunger, noise

Estilo directo y estilo indirecto

Verbos modales

Expresiones que cambian

• this → that
• here → there
• today → that day
• yesterday → the day before
• tomorrow → the next day
• tonight → that night
• tomorrow morning → the following morning
• yesterday afternoon → the previous afternoon
• next week/month/year → the following week/month/year
• last week/month/year → the previous week/month/year
• a week/month/year ago → a week/month/year before

Órdenes indirectas

Sujeto + verbo asked + objeto + to + infinitivo

don't → not

Phrasal verbs

• look after: cuidar
• listen to: escuchar
• look at: mirar
• look for: buscar
• eat up: comer todo
• turn up: subir volumen