Gramática Inglesa: Verbos, Condicionales, Conectores y Vocabulario Esencial

Gramática Inglesa: Repaso de Estructuras Esenciales

A continuación encontrarás un repaso de las principales estructuras gramaticales del inglés, con ejemplos y vocabulario clave.

Verbos seguidos de gerundio o infinitivo

Verbos seguidos de gerundio: admit, advise, anticipate, acknowledge, appreciate, avoid, bear, begin, be crazy about, consider, can't stand, continue, defer, deny, delay, dislike, enjoy, entail, finish, forget, feel like, hate, intend, involve, imagine, justify, keep, like, love, look forward to, mind, mention, miss, practice, recommend, suggest.

Verbos seguidos de infinitivo: afford, agree, arrange, can't wait, choose, demand, decide, expect, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, promise, want, would like.

Verbos seguidos de ambas formas: begin, hate, like, love, prefer, start.

Forget / remember: + gerund = pasado; + infinitive = futuro.

Stop: + gerund = dejar de hacer algo; + infinitive = pausar una acción para hacer otra.

Wish y If

• Wish + dissatisfaction: past simple.
• Wish + irritation: would + base verb.
• Wish + regret (lamentar): past perfect.
• Wish for the future: would + base verb.

Oraciones condicionales

• Tipo 0: If + present simple, present simple = verdades generales.
• Tipo 1: If + present simple, will + verbo = situación probable en el futuro.
• Tipo 2: If + past simple, would + verbo = situación improbable en el futuro.
• Tipo 3: If + past perfect, would have + participio = situación pasada que no ocurrió.

Used to y be/get used to

• Used to + infinitivo: algo que ocurría en el pasado pero no ahora (y viceversa).
• Be used to + gerundio: algo con lo que estoy (o no) familiarizado.
• Get used to + gerundio: algo a lo que estoy intentando acostumbrarme.

Count nouns y noncount nouns

Count nouns: a few, few, some, many, any, how many?

Noncount nouns: much, some, a little, little, any, how much?

Ambos usos van seguidos de forma plural.

So / such / too / enough

• So: so + adjetivo o adverbio + that.
• Such: such + (adjetivo) + sustantivo.
• Too: too + adjetivo/adverbio.
• Enough: adjetivo/adverbio + enough, enough + sustantivo.

Artículos: cuándo NO usarlos

No se usa artículo al expresar un significado general, con sustantivos incontables, ni con palabras como school, prison, church, home cuando se refieren a su función principal.

Tag questions

Let's... shall we?  |  I am... aren't I?

Have something done y get someone to do something

• Have + objeto + participio: we arrange for someone to do something for us.
• Get + someone + to + infinitivo: I'll get my brother to clean up this whole mess.

Conectores y expresiones útiles

Dar una razón: due to / due to the fact that, owing to / owing to the fact that, because, because of, since, as.

Dar un resultado: therefore, so, consequently, this means that, as a result.

Ideas contrastantes: but, however, although / even though, despite / despite the fact that, in spite of / in spite of the fact that, nevertheless, nonetheless, while, whereas, unlike, in theory... in practice...

Dar ejemplos: for example, for instance, namely.

Añadir información: and, in addition, as well as, also, too, furthermore, moreover, apart from, in addition to, besides.

Resumir: in short, in brief, in summary, to summarise, in a nutshell, to conclude, in conclusion.

Secuenciar ideas: the former... the latter, firstly, secondly, finally, the first point is, lastly, the following.

Vocabulario esencial

• avoid (evitar)
• for my sake (por mi bien)
• release (liberar)
• rather (preferir)
• concerned (preocupado)
• glance (mirar de reojo)
• pick (escoger)
• wonder (preguntarse / imaginar)
• take part in (participar en)
• absent (ausente)
• lift (levantar)
• due to (debido a)
• delay (retrasar)
• relief (alivio)
• mount (montar)
• furthermore (además)
• fault (culpa)
• aware (consciente)
• sigh (suspirar)
• settle (resolver)
• utterly (absolutamente)
• not worth it (no vale la pena)
• provide (proporcionar)
• bargains (gangas)
• disposal (disposición)
• auctions (subastas)
• bid (ofertar)
• wounded (herido)
• get down (deprimir)