Reported Speech en Inglés: Tenses, Reporting Verbs y Vocabulario Esencial

Reported Speech

Tenses

Present Simple (do/does/don't/doesn't) → Past Simple (-ed / did / 2.ª columna)
Present Continuous (am/are/is + -ing) → Past Continuous (was/were + -ing)
Present Perfect (have/has + participio) → Past Perfect (had + -ed / 3.ª columna)
Future "will" → conditional "would"
Past Simple (-ed / did / 2.ª columna) → Past Perfect (had + -ed / 3.ª columna)
Past Continuous (was/were + -ing) → Past Perfect (had + -ed / 3.ª columna)
Can → could
May → might

Subject

I (he/she) → We (they)
1.ª persona → 3.ª persona
2.ª persona → 1.ª persona
3.ª persona → 3.ª persona

Time expressions

• now → then
• today → that day
• tonight → that night
• yesterday → the day before
• last week → the previous week
• a month ago → the month before
• tomorrow → the next day
• next week → the week after
• here → there
• this → that
• these → those

Reporting verbs

S + said + (that) + sentence
S + told + obj + (that) + sentence

Questions

Yes/No → S + asked + obj + if + sentence
Wh- → S + asked + obj + wh- + sentence

Orders

Affirmative (+) → S + ordered + obj + to + V + C
Negative (−) → S + ordered + obj + not to + V + C

Suggestions

S + suggested + obj (that + sentence) / (-ing + C)

Reporting Verbs

• say – decir
• tell* – contar
• threaten* – amenazar
• complain – quejarse
• warn* – avisar
• remind* – recordar
• admit – admitir
• shout – gritar
• boast – presumir
• ask* – preguntar
• wonder – preguntarse
• want to know – querer saber
• advise* – aconsejar
• recommend* – recomendar
• mention – mencionar
• promise* – prometer
• announce – anunciar
• insist – insistir
• claim – proclamar

*Necesitan objeto.

Vocabulario

Vocabulario general

achievement – logro
attempt – intento
average – medio
balanced meal – comida equilibrada
become aware of – darse cuenta de
booked – reservado
breath – aliento
catch a cold – resfriarse
comfort – consuelo
consist – constar
deal – contrato
discomfort – inquietud
edible – comestible
face – enfrentarse a
figure out – comprender
flavour – sabor
getting enough sleep – dormir lo suficiente
improve – mejorar
inedible – no comestible
mild – suave, no picante
omelette – tortilla
overbooked – demasiadas reservas
peanut – cacahuete
prearranged – fijado de antemano
quick meal – comida rápida
quick recovery – recuperación rápida
reach – llegar a
sausage – salchicha
source – fuente
spice – especia
spicy – picante
stretch – tramo
turn into – convertirse en

Vocabulario laboral y académico

agree with – estar de acuerdo con
aim – propósito
amused – divertido
apply for – solicitar
assistance – ayuda
be aware of – ser consciente de
be fired – estar despedido
be hired – estar contratado
be unemployed – estar sin empleo
belief – opinión
clear – claro
degree – título
earn – ganar
employment – trabajo
former – anterior
fulfil – cumplir
full-time – jornada completa
go-getter – ambicioso
good people skills – habilidades sociales
helpful – servicial
issue – cuestión
job application – solicitud de trabajo
job title – cargo, puesto
knowledge – conocimiento
low-profile – discreto
make sure – asegurarse
narrow – estrecho
promotion – ascenso
reliable – de confianza
research – investigar
run – organizar, gobernar
steady job – empleo fijo
succeed in – tener éxito en
successful – exitoso
think about – opinar sobre
tip – propina
town council – ayuntamiento
university degree – título universitario