Tiempos Verbales en Inglés: Presente, Pasado, Futuro y Condicionales con Ejemplos

Tiempos Verbales en Inglés

A continuación se presentan los principales tiempos verbales del inglés, con sus marcadores temporales y su uso en la comunicación.

Presente

• Present Simple (PS): as, always, every day. Se usa para hábitos y rutinas: I always eat breakfast at 8.
• Present Continuous (PC): is / are + -ing. Se usa para acciones en progreso: I am eating at the moment. Marcadores: at the moment, this year, now, tonight, next, today, tomorrow.

Pasado

• Past Simple (PAST): comí. Marcadores: yesterday, last, ago.
• Past Continuous (PAST C.): was / were + -ing, estaba comiendo. Marcadores: at 8 o'clock, as, at.
• Past Perfect (PAST PERF.): had + 3.ª forma, había comido. Marcadores: by the time, after, before.

Present Perfect

• Present Perfect Simple (P. PERF.): have / has + 3.ª forma, sin consecuencia en el presente: I have eaten. Marcadores: ever, just, yet, recently, already, for, since, how long?
• Present Perfect Continuous (P. PERF. C.): have been + -ing, con consecuencia en el presente: I have been eating. Marcadores: for, since, all day.
• Past Perfect Continuous (PAST PERF. C.): had been + -ing, había estado comiendo. Marcadores: all morning, when, for, since, by the time.

Futuro

• Future Simple (FUTU): will + base, para decisiones: I will eat this evening. Marcadores: this evening, later, next week, soon, at ten o'clock, in the future, in an hour.
• Future Continuous (FUTUR C.): will be + -ing, para acciones en proceso: I will be eating at this time tomorrow. Marcadores: at this time tomorrow, by 8 o'clock, at this time next week.
• Future Perfect (FUTU PERF.): will have + 3.ª forma, para acciones completadas en el futuro: I will have eaten by this time next week. Marcadores: by this time next week, by ten o'clock, by then, by the end of.
• Be going to: is / are going to + base, para planes o predicciones con evidencia: Look! It is going to rain tonight.

Estilo Indirecto

Al reportar lo que alguien dijo, los tiempos verbales se desplazan hacia el pasado:

• works → worked
• worked → had worked
• will work → would work
• is working → was working
• was working → had been working
• has worked → had worked
• had been working → had been working
• can → could
• may → might
• must → had to

Además, cambian los marcadores de tiempo y lugar: now → then, today → that day, tonight → that night, yesterday → the day before, last week → the week before, a month ago → the month before, tomorrow → the day after, next week → the week after, here → there, this → that, these → those.

Oraciones Condicionales

• Primer condicional: present simple + future simple. If it rains, I will stay home.
• Segundo condicional: past simple + would / could + base form. If I had money, I would travel.
• Tercer condicional: past perfect + would have / could have + 3.ª forma. If I had studied, I would have passed.

Conectores de Causa, Consecuencia y Resultado

Con sujeto

• since / because: porque
• therefore: por lo tanto
• so: así que, por eso
• consequently: consecuentemente

Sin sujeto

• because of: debido a
• as a result of: como resultado de
• due to: debido a

Prefijos y Sufijos

Prefijos

• Negativos: un-, il-, im-, in-, dis-
• Normales: under-, over-, non-, re-, inter-, anti-, bi-, pre-, multi-, trans-

Sufijos

• Sustantivos: -tion, -ment, -ance, -er
• Adjetivos: -able, -ible, -ous, -al, -ed, -ful, -ive, -ing

Vocabulario Clave

Palabras con prefijos y sufijos

discomfort, impersonal, inedible, multi-vitamin, pre-package, overbooked, overcooked, overweight, uncooked, underweight, unfit, unhealthy, unimportant, reliable, ambitious, helpful, employer, responsible, productive, employment, experienced, challenging, professional, assistance, promotion, promotional, promoter, retirement, working, knowledgeable, appearance, organised

Vocabulario laboral

• be hired (be given a job): ser contratado
• company / business: empresa
• be unemployed (be without a job): desempleado
• overtime (extra work hours): horas extras
• retire (stop working): jubilarse
• apply for (make a formal request for): solicitar
• employee (worker): empleado
• be fired (lose a job): ser despedido

Profesiones

• flight attendant: auxiliar de vuelo
• computer programmer: programador informático
• model: modelo
• doctor: médico
• surgeon: cirujano
• bricklayer: albañil
• teacher: profesor
• policeman: policía
• shop assistant: dependiente

Requisitos y cualidades de trabajo

• flexible working hours: horario flexible
• physical strength: fuerza física
• a university degree: título universitario
• professional training: formación profesional
• attractive appearance: apariencia atractiva
• good people skills: buenas habilidades sociales
• a knowledge of languages: conocimiento de idiomas
• courageous, patient, calm, creative, adventurous, friendly, organised: valiente, paciente, tranquilo, creativo, aventurero, amigable, organizado