Vocabulario y Gramática Inglesa: Vocabulario, Conectores, Phrasal Verbs, Voz Pasiva, Estilo Indirecto, Tiempos Verbales y Condicionales

VOCABULARIO

Thin - delgado
Oil spill - vertido de aceite

Fair - hermoso
Litter - basura
Crowded - poblado

Average - estatura media
Trendy - moda
Curly - rizado

Spiky - de punta
Remarkable - extraordinario

Straight - opuesto
Narrow - estrecho
Wide - ancho

Reliable - confiable
Moody - bipolar
Smoke - humo

Stubborn - cabezota
Outgoing - sociable
Cheerful - alegre

Current affairs - temas de actualidad
Successful - exitoso

Landfill - vertedero
Exhaust fumes - humo (coche...)

Toxic waste - residuos tóxicos

CONECTORES

In addition - además de
So - por lo tanto, por consiguiente

Although - aunque, a pesar de
Therefore - por lo tanto

However - sin embargo
As a result - como resultado

Furthermore - además
Also - también
So that - para que

In order to - para que, para
Then - entonces

PHRASAL VERBS

Check in - registrarse
Set up - instalar
Take off - despegar

Set off - viajar
Get to - llegar
Log into - acceder a
Turn on - encender

Turn up - subir volumen
Turn down - bajar volumen
Plug in - enchufar

Cut off - cortar
Switch off - apagar

ADJETIVOS FIJOS

-ed - sentimiento
-ing - característica

PASIVA

Plays - are played
Is playing - are being played
Played - were/was played
Was playing - were being played
Has played - have been played
Had played - had been played
Will play - will be played
Should play - should be played
Must have played - must have been played
Has to play - have to be played
Is going to play - are going to be played

ESTILO INDIRECTO

Works - worked
Is working - was working
Worked - had worked
Was working - had been working
Has worked - had worked
Has been working - had been working
Had worked - had worked
Had been working - had been working
Will work - would work
Can - could
May - might
Must / have to - had to
Will - would

Palabras:
Now - then
Today - that day
Tonight - that night
Yesterday - the previous day
Last week - the previous week
Tomorrow - the following day
Next week - the following week
Here - there
This - that
These - those

TIEMPOS VERBALES

Present simple

Work / don't work / Do... work?

ADV: always, usually, generally, regularly, occasionally, often, sometimes, rarely, never. At 1 o'clock, at night, in the morning, on Fridays, every week, once a month, how often...?

Present continuous

Am / are / is singing...

ADV: now, right now, at the moment, this year, at present, this evening, tonight, tomorrow, next Friday/week/year

Past simple

Finished / didn't finish / did... finish?

ADV: yesterday, last week/year, two days ago, in 2007, in the 1980s, in the 18th century, when, then

Past continuous

Was / were writing

ADV: last night/week/year, at 4 o'clock, while, as

Past perfect simple

Had arrived / hadn't arrived...

ADV: already, by the time, after, before, until, never, just

Present perfect simple

Have / has lived...

ADV: never, ever, already, just, yet, recently, lately, for, since, in recent years

Future simple

Will allow / won't allow / will... allow?

ADV: this evening, in an hour, at 2 o'clock, later, tomorrow, next month/year, soon, in a few weeks, in the future, on 1st May

Be going to

Am going to buy / am not going to buy...

ADV: this evening, later, in an hour, at ... o'clock, tomorrow, soon, next year, in a few weeks, on 8th May

Future continuous

Will be traveling / won't be traveling...

ADV: at this time tomorrow/next..., on Thursday, in the next decade

Future perfect simple

Will have eaten / won't have eaten...

ADV: by this time next week, by 3 o'clock, by the end of..., by August, in four months

ORACIONES DE RELATIVO

Who / that - personas
Which / that - cosas
When / that - tiempo
Where - lugar
Whose - posesión

MODALES

Be able to - habilidad
Can - habilidad / posibilidad / solicitar
Can't - falta de capacidad / "imposible"
Could - habilidad pasada / pedir educadamente / sugerir educadamente / posibilidad
Have to - necesidad / obligación
May - posibilidad / pedir educadamente
Might - posibilidad
Must - necesidad / obligación / cuando hay certeza de algo
Mustn't - prohibición
Need to - necesitar / obligar
Ought to - aconsejar / opinar
Should - exigir / opinión
Would - pedir formalmente / ofrecer

CONDICIONALES

1. If / unless + presente simple = futuro simple / imperativo / modal + base form.
Ocurrirá si se cumple la condición.

2. If / unless + past simple = would / could / might + base form.
Situaciones poco probables que ocurran en el presente.

3. If + past perfect = would have / could have / might have + past participle.
Condición imposible.