Vocabulario Inglés-Español: Phrasal Verbs, Reported Speech y Tiempos Verbales

Vocabulario Inglés-Español

Blinding = cegador, although = aunque, flatmate = compañero de piso, by the way = a propósito de, frightened = asustado, reminded = recordar, injury = herida, stroke = golpe o infarto, disorder = desorden, single = sencillo, eyebrow = cejas, clue = pista, allow = permitir, eyelash = pestañas, strange = raro, sorts = tipos, smile = sonreír, everyone = todos, acquaintance = conocido, pretending = fingiendo, relief = alivio, friendly = agradable, share = compartir, boss = jefe, stubborn = cabezota, nosy = cotilla, helpful = útil, selfish = egoísta,
guess = adivinar, gorgeous = bonito, grasped = agarrar, disappointed = defraudado, poison = veneno, crack = ruido, guns = armas, wine = vino, bored = aburrido, soon = pronto, armchair = asiento, slender = delgado, blinked = guiñó, key = llave, angrily = enfadado, anyway = de todas formas, shake = temblar, marvel = maravilla, shore = costa, playa, huge = enorme, amaze = sorprender, agitar, still = todavía, hesitated = dudar, relief = alivio, made = asegurarse, pointing = señalar, poured = derramar, skyscraper = rascacielos, spare = ahorrar, fear = miedo, somebody = alguien, becoming = convirtiendo, fail = suspender, seek = buscar, accomplishment = logro, lengthen = alargar, prize = premio, match = partido, argument = discusión,
war = guerra, set = poner o colocar, raise = elevar o levantar, should = deber, improve = mejorar, law = ley, enhance = mejorar, until = hasta, so far = hasta entonces, ever = alguna vez, lately = últimamente, steel = acero, glass = cristal, glasses = gafas, stone = piedra, ancient = antiguo, source = fuente, origen, leisure = ocio, Mayor = alcalde, surface = superficie, breathtaking
= maravilloso, bridge = puente, furry = peludo, fad = moda, novedad, cuddles = abrazos, hectic = loco, lifelong = para toda la vida, miss = perder, error, cage = jaula, breed = raza, reproducirse, fierce = feroz, tame = domar, cub = cachorro, nearby = cerca, flakes = copos, cooler = frío, clouds = nubes, lightning = rayos, twister = tornado, hailstones = granizo, witness = ver, presenciar, gather = reunir, recoger, deadly = mortal, path = camino, skilled = experto, hábil, chase = perseguir, slip = deslizarse, avoid = evitar, blizzard = ventisca, drought = sequía
warmer = cálido, overcast = nublado, heatwave = ola de calor, higher = superioridad, lower = reducir, shivered = estremecerse, degrees = grados, slippery = resbaladizo, forecast = pronóstico, rainfall = lluvia, flood = inundación, bitter = amargo, scorching = abrasador, thick = espesor, mild = leve, heavy = pesado, frozen = congelado, perils = peligros, sink = lavabo, hundirse
billboards = vallas, damage = daño, dark = oscuro, In short = recomiendo, in fact = de hecho, But instead of = en vez de, of course = por supuesto

Phrasal Verbs

break down = estropearse, break up = separarse, bring along = llevar consigo, bring back = recordar, bring up = plantear, call back = volver a llamar, carry on = continuar, clean up = limpiar, come back = regresar, come in = entrar, come on = empezar, come round = acercarse, come to = ascender, cut down = reducir, deal with = encargarse de, end up = terminar, fight back = defenderse, figure out = explicarse, fill in = rellenar, find out = averiguar, fit in = adaptarse, congeniar, get ahead = progresar, get along = llevarse bien, get back = regresar, get by = arreglárselas, get off = bajarse, get on = subirse, get over = superar, get rid of = librarse, get to = tener la oportunidad de, get up = levantarse, give back = devolver, give out = agotarse, go away = irse, go back = regresar, go on = continuar, go out = salir, grow into = convertirse en, hang on = esperar, hang out = pasar el rato, hold on = esperar, let down = decepcionar, live up to = estar a la altura de, look after = cuidar a, look around = mirar alrededor, look for = buscar, look out = tener cuidado, look up = buscar, make up = componer, move away = irse, pass by = pasar, pay back = pagar, pay off = saldar, pick out = elegir, put off = posponer, put on = ponerse, run away = escaparse, run out = quedarse sin, set back = retrasar, set off = provocar, pick up = recoger, set up = crear, start up = montar un negocio, stay away = alejarse, use up = agotar, turn out = resultar, turn on = encender, turn into = convertirse en, turn down = bajar el volumen, turn around = darse la vuelta, try on = probarse ropa, tidy up = ordenar, take up = empezar, take over = adquirir, take out = sacar, complain of = quejarse de.

lie = mentir, tumbarse, meet = conocer a, put = poner, rise = elevarse, sew = coser, shoot = disparar, show = mostrar, sink = hundirse, let = permitir, leave = dejar, irse, lay = poner o extender, hurt = herir, get = conseguir, forget = olvidar, forgive = perdonar, fall = caerse, fell = sentir

Reported Speech

Reported speech
Present Simple → Past Simple: "We eat tasty food" → "She said that they ate tasty food".
Past Simple → Past Perfect Simple.
Future → Conditional.
Present Continuous → Past Continuous.
Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous.
Present Perfect Simple → Past Perfect Simple.
Past Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous (igual).
Cambios: can → could, may → might, will → would, have to → had to, now → then, today → that day, tonight → that night, yesterday → the day before, here → there, this → that, these → those.

Oraciones de relativo

Relativo
Who / that se refieren a personas: She is the girl who / that lent me The Kite Runner.
Which / that se refieren a objetos: The Kite Runner is a book which / that I want to read.
Whose indica posesión: Amir is a boy whose father is very strict.
When / that se refieren a un momento en el tiempo: I'll never forget the day when / that the war broke out.

Condicionales

Condicionales

1º condicional

If + Present Simple, Future Simple / Imperativo / Modal: "If you do the shopping here, you'll get great discounts." "Ask for the receipt if you want to be able to return the camera." "If you buy a new house, you can rent out the old one."

2º condicional

If + Past Simple, would / could / might: "If I had enough money, I would buy plane tickets to Australia." "You could / might afford to buy a new car if you won the lottery."

3º condicional

If + Past Perfect, would have / could have / might have: "If I had had the receipt, I would have returned this shirt." "I could / might have afforded it if my salary had been better."

Voz pasiva

Passiva "con el by"

• Present Simple: conduct → is conducted; sell → are sold.
• Past Simple: sold → were sold; conducted → was conducted.
• Future Simple: will sell → will be sold; will conduct → will be conducted.
• Present Continuous: are conducting → is being conducted; is selling → are being sold.
• Past Continuous: was selling → were being sold; were conducting → was being conducted.
• Present Perfect Simple: have conducted → has been conducted; has sold → have been sold.
• Past Perfect Simple: had sold → had been sold.
• Modales: should sell → should be sold; should conduct → should be conducted.
• Modal perfects: could have conducted → could have been conducted; could have sold → could have been sold.
• Have to: have to conduct → has to be conducted; has to sell → have to be sold.
• Be going to: are going to conduct → is going to be conducted; is going to sell → are going to be sold.

Formación de palabras

Para formar sustantivos (-ment, -tion, -sion, -er, -or, -ity, -ship, -ness, -ence, -ance, -ian, -th): agreement, invitation, conclusion, runner, sailor, personality, friendship, happiness, obedience, annoyance, musician, strength.

Para formar adjetivos (-ed y -ing): bored (estar aburrido) / boring (ser aburrido).
Los sufijos -ful, -less, -ous, -al, -able, -ive, -ible, -ant, -ent: dangerous, national, predictable, reversible, attractive, resistant y confident.

Gerundio e infinitivo

Gerundio (-ing) e infinitivo (to): verbos como dislike, enjoy, hate, know, remember, taste, belong, own, cost.

Tiempos verbales

Present Simple

Con -s, do o does / don't. Marcadores: always, usually, often, at night, in the morning.

Present Continuous

Con -ing y am / is / are. Marcadores: now, at the moment, this year, at present, today, these days, this month, this evening.

Past Simple

Con -ed o forma irregular y did. Marcadores: yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 20.., when, then.

Past Continuous

Con was / were + -ing. Marcadores: last night, last week, when, while.

Past Perfect Simple

Con had + participio. Marcadores: already, by the time, after, before, until, never, just.

Present Perfect Simple

Con have / has + participio. Marcadores: never, ever, already, just, yet, recently, lately, how long, for, since.

Present Perfect Continuous

Con have / has been + -ing. Marcadores: for a year, since, how long, all morning, all day, all week. Ejemplo: I have been working / singing (he estado trabajando / cantando).

Past Perfect Continuous

Con had been + -ing. Marcadores: for hours, since, all morning, when, until, before. Ejemplo: His fans had been waiting (sus fans habían estado esperando).

Future Simple

Con will. Marcadores: this evening, later, in an hour, tomorrow, next month, next year, soon.

Be going to

Con am / is / are going to. Marcadores: this evening, later, in an hour, tomorrow, soon, next year.

Future Perfect Simple

Con will have + participio. Marcadores: by the time, by 3..., by the end, by then, in four months. Ejemplo: The shops will have closed (las tiendas habrán cerrado).

Future Continuous

Con will be + -ing. Marcadores: at this time, on Thursday, in the next decade. Ejemplo: We'll be visiting (estaremos visitándola).