Apuntes, resúmenes, trabajos, exámenes y problemas de Inglés

Discurso Indirecto (Reported Speech): Transformaciones Clave

Al transformar el discurso directo a indirecto, es fundamental ajustar los adverbios de tiempo y lugar, así como los pronombres y los tiempos verbales.

Cambios en Adverbios de Tiempo y Lugar

• now → then
• today → that day
• tonight → that night
• yesterday / last week / a month ago → the previous day / week / month (o the day / week / month before)
• tomorrow → the following day (o the next day)
• here → there
• this → that
• these → those

Cambios en Verbos Modales

• Can → could
• May → might
• Must → must (o had to)
• Have to → had to

Transformación de Tiempos Verbales

Cuando el verbo introductorio (ej. "said") está en pasado, los tiempos verbales en el discurso indirecto suelen "retroceder"... Continuar leyendo "Dominando el Discurso Indirecto y Vocabulario Esencial de Inglés" »

English Language Essentials: Vocabulary and Grammar Foundations

I. Culinary Vocabulary and Kitchen Roles

Kitchen Brigade Roles

• Head Chef: Has overall responsibility.
• Sous Chef: Is the deputy to the Head Chef.
• Chef de Partie: Is in charge of a specific section.
• Commis Chef: A junior chef.
• Apprentice: Similar to a Commis Chef.
• Kitchen Porter: Is in charge of doing basic tasks.

Kitchen Tools

• Strainer (Colador / Iragazkailua)
• Grater (Rallador / Birrindugailua)
• Soup Ladle (Cazo de sopa / Burruntzia)
• Sieve (Tamiz)
• Whisk (Varilla)
• Meat Slicer (Cortadora de carne)

Adjectives for Describing People

• Humble (Humilde)
• Scruffy (Desaliñado / Desordenado)
• Bold (Audaz)
• Committed (Comprometido)
• Shortlist (Preseleccionar)
• Thorough (Concienzudo)
• Demanding (Exigente)
• Shy (Tímido)
• Reliable

Reported Speech

1. Carla said that Susan had replied to her email the day before. 2. Tom said that the internet wasn't working at that moment. 3. Rita told her son that he had stolen her tablet. 4. The teacher ordered us to switch that computer then. 5. Daniel ordered me not to pull the plug out or all the data would be lost. 6. My mum asked me why I bought things online. 7. Mary asked her boyfriend if he would call her the following day. 8. My English teacher asked if I could help her.

Reported Speech in Context

1. “I'm being bullied today,” Mary said to me. 2. “Why did you delete your account yesterday?” Susan asked Peter.

Relative Clauses

1. That's the car that I sold a week ago. 2. Rosa and Isabel, who are really good friends, came to... Continuar leyendo "Master English Grammar: A Comprehensive Guide with Exercises and Examples" »

Antonio's New York City Experience: Cultural Immersion and Holiday Highlights

Este documento detalla los momentos clave del viaje de Antonio a la ciudad de Nueva York, centrándose en las lecciones culturales, los principales eventos deportivos y las celebraciones navideñas, presentados tanto en español como en inglés.

Descripción de Eventos (Español)

• Encuentro con Celebridades y la Lección Neoyorquina

  En esta imagen, Antonio sale a explorar la ciudad por su cuenta y ve a mucha gente famosa a la que quería pedir autógrafos, pero recordó el consejo que le dio Jason de actuar como un neoyorquino: tratar a los famosos como personas normales y no agobiarlos como lo hacen los extranjeros.

• Partido de Baloncesto en el Madison Square Garden

  En esta

El Mundo Profesional y la Toma de Decisiones

H3: Expresiones sobre Decisiones

• A wise decision (collocation) → Una decisión sabia
• Be faced with (v phr) → Enfrentarse a
• Feel uncertain about (v phr) → Sentirse inseguro sobre
• Give priority to (v phr) → Dar prioridad a
• Lose out (phr v) → Perder una oportunidad
• Have the freedom to choose (collocation) → Tener la libertad de elegir
• Reach a decision (collocation) → Tomar una decisión
• Settle on (phr v) → Decidirse por
• Struggle (v) → Luchar / tener dificultades
• Take advice (collocation) → Aceptar un consejo
• Think over (phr v) → Reflexionar sobre
• Weigh up (phr v) → Sopesar

H3: Palabras con Múltiples Significados (Trabajo y General)

• Be fired (work) (v) → Ser despedido (trabajo)
• Fire (a gun)

Expresiones de Futuro Inmediato y Certeza

• On the verge/point of + -ing: Algo que sucederá muy pronto.
• Be to + infinitivo: Algo que definitivamente sucederá, oficial.
• Be set/due to + infinitivo: Algo que se espera que suceda.

Tiempos Futuros

• F.C (Futuro Continuo): Acción en progreso (sujeto + will be + -ing).
• F.P (Futuro Perfecto): Acción que va a pasar en el futuro (sujeto + will have + participio pasado).

Vocabulario de Cine y Música

• Adapt: Adaptar
• Applaud: Aplaudir
• Beat: Ritmo
• Blockbuster: Taquillazo
• Broadcast: Transmitir
• Catchy: Pegadizo
• Crowdfund: Financiar colectivamente
• Depict: Representar
• Dub: Doblar
• Flop: Fracaso
• Genre: Género
• Gig: Concierto
• Portray: Retratar
• Primetime: Horario estelar
• Ratings: Audiencias
• Record label: Discográfica
• Rehearse: Ensayar
• Remake:

Creepy Tales: Short Horror Stories

Smee

On Christmas Eve, Tony Jackson had had a good dinner with his friends, and when they finished dinner, they decided to play Hide and Seek. However, Tony refused and proposed playing "Smee" but without him. His friends asked him why he didn't want to play Hide and Seek. He explained that ten years ago, a girl playing Hide and Seek fell down the stairs, broke her neck, and died.

Then he explained what had happened playing "Smee" five years ago: after explaining all the rules and after two hours, when the game had finished, people playing with Tony said they had found "Smee," and that it was, incredibly, Brenda Ford, the girl who had broken her neck and died ten years ago!

En la víspera de Navidad, Tony Jackson... Continuar leyendo "Creepy Tales: Short Horror Stories in English and Spanish" »

Este documento presenta una recopilación de vocabulario y expresiones útiles en inglés, organizadas para facilitar su aprendizaje y comprensión. A continuación, se detallan términos y frases con sus significados correspondientes.

Verbos y Expresiones Comunes

• stands out: destacar
• attached: unido
• recall: recordar
• brought up: crecer con
• comes up with: ocurrirsele a alguien
• fall for: dejarse engañar
• keep up with: seguir el ritmo
• put up with: soportar
• run out of: agotarse
• ban: prohibir
• eventually: finalmente
• bear in mind: tener en cuenta
• take time off: hacer un descanso
• change your mind: cambiar de idea
• draw conclusions: sacar conclusiones
• appalling: desastroso
• broad-minded: de mente abierta
• gripping: fascinante
• boost: estimular
• dream up: soñar despierto
• emerge:

Estructuras de la Voz Pasiva (Active vs. Passive Voice)

A continuación se presentan las transformaciones de la voz activa a la voz pasiva en diferentes tiempos verbales:

• Present Simple: Sell → Are sold
• Present Continuous: Are selling → Are being sold
• Past Simple: Sold → Were sold
• Future Simple: Will sell → Will be sold
• Present Perfect: Have sold → Have been sold
• Modals: Can sell → Can be sold
• Past Continuous: Were selling → Were being sold
• Past Perfect: Had sold → Had been sold
• Modal Perfect: Must have sold → Must have been sold
• Semi-modals: Have to sell → Have to be sold
• Future (Going to): Are going to sell → Are going to be sold

Tipos de Condicionales en Inglés

Zero Conditional

Se utiliza en una situación siempre verdadera. Estructura:... Continuar leyendo "Dominio del Inglés: Estructuras de Voz Pasiva, Condicionales y Vocabulario de Comercio" »

Dominio del Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

El Reported Speech se utiliza para contar lo que otra persona ha dicho. A continuación, se detallan los cambios en los tiempos verbales y ejemplos prácticos:

Cambios en los Tiempos Verbales

• Present Simple a Past Simple: "I'm a nurse", she said — She said she was a nurse.
• Present Continuous a Past Continuous: "I'm not going", he said — He said he wasn't going.
• Past Simple a Past Perfect Simple: "Tony did it", she said — She said Tony had done it.
• Present Perfect a Past Perfect: "I haven't read it", she said — She said she hadn't read it.
• Past Continuous a Past Perfect Continuous: "I was lying", he said — He said he had been lying.

Cambios en Verbos Modales

• Will a Would: "I will get it", she said