Gramática Inglesa: Tiempos Verbales, Modales y Verbos Irregulares

Tiempos verbales en inglés

Presente simple

Se añade -s a la tercera persona del singular. En negativa se usa don't y doesn't.

Expresiones de tiempo: yesterday, last night, a week ago.

Presente continuo

Se forma con el verbo to be + -ing. En negativa se usa not o n't.

Expresiones de tiempo: now, right now, at the moment.

Pasado simple

Se añade -ed a los verbos regulares. En preguntas se usa did y en negativas didn't.

Used to

Solo tiene forma en pasado, seguido de otro verbo en forma base. Se usa para hablar de cosas que hacías o que eran ciertas antes. En las preguntas se usa did.

Futuro

Will + verbo en forma base (para cosas que vas a hacer).

Be going to se usa en lugar de will para hacer planes. Siempre llevan expresiones de futuro.

Verbos modales

• Can: saber / poder (habilidad)
• Could: habilidad o posibilidad en el pasado; para pedir permiso o favores
• Must: deber, obligación
• Mustn't: lo que no debemos hacer (prohibición)
• Should: para dar consejos
• Have to: tener que
• May: posibilidad

Lista de verbos irregulares

A - F

be, was/were, been – ser, estar

beat, beat, beaten – golpear

become, became, become – llegar a ser

begin, began, begun – empezar

bend, bent, bent – doblar

bet, bet, bet – apostar

bite, bit, bitten – morder

bleed, bled, bled – sangrar

blow, blew, blown – soplar

break, broke, broken – romper

bring, brought, brought – traer

build, built, built – construir

burn, burned/burnt, burned/burnt – quemar

buy, bought, bought – comprar

catch, caught, caught – coger, atrapar

choose, chose, chosen – elegir

come, came, come – venir

cost, cost, cost – costar

cut, cut, cut – cortar

dig, dug, dug – cavar

do, did, done – hacer

draw, drew, drawn – dibujar

dream, dreamt/dreamed, dreamt/dreamed – soñar

drink, drank, drunk – beber

drive, drove, driven – conducir

eat, ate, eaten – comer

fall, fell, fallen – caer o caerse

feed, fed, fed – alimentar

feel, felt, felt – sentir o sentirse

fight, fought, fought – luchar

find, found, found – encontrar

fly, flew, flown – volar

forget, forgot, forgotten – olvidar

forgive, forgave, forgiven – perdonar

freeze, froze, frozen – congelar

G - W

get, got, got – obtener, conseguir

give, gave, given – dar

go, went, gone – ir

grow, grew, grown – crecer

hang, hung, hung – colgar

have, had, had – tener, haber

hear, heard, heard – oír

hide, hid, hidden – esconder

hit, hit, hit – golpear

hold, held, held – sostener

hurt, hurt, hurt – herir, doler

keep, kept, kept – guardar, mantener

know, knew, known – saber, conocer

lay, laid, laid – poner, colocar

lead, led, led – guiar, liderar

learn, learned/learnt, learned/learnt – aprender

leave, left, left – dejar, salir

lend, lent, lent – prestar

let, let, let – permitir, dejar

lie, lay, lain – yacer, tumbarse

light, lit, lit – encender, iluminar

make, made, made – hacer, fabricar

mean, meant, meant – significar

meet, met, met – encontrar, conocer

pay, paid, paid – pagar

put, put, put – poner

read, read, read – leer

ride, rode, ridden – montar

ring, rang, rung – sonar, llamar

rise, rose, risen – subir, elevarse

run, ran, run – correr

say, said, said – decir

see, saw, seen – ver

sell, sold, sold – vender

send, sent, sent – enviar

set, set, set – poner, fijar

shake, shook, shaken – sacudir

shine, shone, shone – brillar

shoot, shot, shot – disparar

show, showed, shown – mostrar

shut, shut, shut – cerrar

sing, sang, sung – cantar

sink, sank, sunk – hundirse

sit, sat, sat – sentarse

sleep, slept, slept – dormir

smell, smelt/smelled, smelt/smelled – oler

speak, spoke, spoken – hablar

spell, spelt/spelled, spelt/spelled – deletrear

spend, spent, spent – gastar, pasar (tiempo)

stand, stood, stood – estar de pie

steal, stole, stolen – robar

stick, stuck, stuck – pegar

sweep, swept, swept – barrer

swim, swam, swum – nadar

take, took, taken – tomar, llevar

teach, taught, taught – enseñar

tear, tore, torn – rasgar

tell, told, told – contar, decir

think, thought, thought – pensar

throw, threw, thrown – lanzar

understand, understood, understood – entender

wake up, woke up, woken up – despertarse

wear, wore, worn – llevar puesto

win, won, won – ganar

write, wrote, written – escribir