Apuntes, resúmenes, trabajos, exámenes y ejercicios de Inglés de Secundaria

Verbos irregulares en inglés

Past Simple

Be, was/were – Become, became – Begin, began – Bite, bit – Break, broke – Bring, brought – Build, built – Burn, burnt – Buy, bought – Can, could – Catch, caught – Choose, chose – Come, came – Cost, cost – Cut, cut – Do, did – Draw, drew – Dream, dreamt – Drink, drank – Drive, drove – Eat, ate – Fall, fell – Feed, fed – Feel, felt – Fight, fought – Find, found – Fly, flew – Forget, forgot – Freeze, froze – Get, got – Give, gave – Go, went – Grow, grew – Have, had – Hear, heard – Hide, hid – Hit, hit – Hold, held – Hurt, hurt – Keep, kept – Know, knew – Learn, learnt – Leave, left – Lend, lent – Let, let – Lose, lost...

Chapter 1: Mr. Sherlock Holmes

• 1. Who is telling this story?
  Doctor Watson is telling this story.
• 2. What is Sherlock Holmes’ address?
  He lives at 221B Baker Street.

Chapter 2: The Curse of the Baskervilles

• 1. Where does Dr. Mortimer live?
  He lives on Dartmoor.
• 2. Who was Sir Charles Baskerville?
  He was the owner of Baskerville Hall.
• 3. What had happened to Sir Charles?
  He died of a heart attack three months ago.

Chapter 3: The Problem

Dr. Mortimer is meeting Sir Henry Baskerville.

• A. Who is he?
  Sir Charles’ nephew.
• B. Where is he meeting him?
  At Waterloo Station.
• C. Where has he been living?
  In Canada.

Chapter 4: Sir Henry Baskerville

• 1. How old was Sir Henry? What did he look like?
  He was about thirty years old. He wasn't tall, but he was broad and strong.

Vocabulario en francés con traducción al español

Transportes y ciudad

Transportes y ciudad: La voiture → El coche; La trottinette → El patinete; Les transports en commun → El transporte público; Le bus → El autobús; Le métro → El metro; Le tramway → El tranvía; Un feu → Un semáforo; Une piste cyclable → Un carril bici; Une route → Una carretera; Un trottoir → Una acera; Une voie → Una vía; Rouler → Circular / rodar; Une cathédrale → Una catedral; Un château → Un castillo; Un hôtel de ville → Un ayuntamiento; Un monument → Un monumento; Une place → Una plaza; Un pont → Un puente; Un quartier → Un barrio; Une rue → Una calle.

Lugares y comercios

Une boulangerie → Una panadería; Un café → Un

Ingelesezko modalak eta aditz-egiturak

Modalak: obligazioa eta debekua

Must: Seguru, obligazioa (nire ustez). Have to: Obligazioa (besteek ezarria).

• Mustn't: Debekua.
• Don't have to: Ez da beharrezkoa.

Aholkuak eta beharra

• Should: Aholkua.
• Shouldn't: Aholku negatiboa.
• Need to: Beharra adierazi.
• Don't need to: Ez dago beharrik.

Posibilitatea eta gaitasuna

• Can: Posibilitatea.
• Be able to: Gaitasuna adierazi.
• May, could, might: Agian, beharbada.
• Can't: Seguru ez da.

Denbora-adizkiak

Orainaldia eta iragana

• Present simple: MV + infinitiboa.
• Present continuous: MV + be + -ing.
• Past simple: MV + have + V3/-ed.
• Past continuous: MV + have been + -ing.

Gerundioa

Esaldi hasieran ekintza adierazteko erabiltzen da.

Gerundioa ondoren doazen aditzak

• Enjoy, love, fancy, like, hate,

Grammar: The Passive Voice

La voz pasiva se utiliza cuando el foco de la oración está en la acción o en quien la recibe, y no en quien la realiza.

Voz activa y pasiva en distintos tiempos

Simple Present

• Active voice: Ana sells flowers in the market.
• Passive voice: Flowers are sold in the market by Ana.

Simple Past

• Active voice: The Romans built that bridge.
• Passive voice: That bridge was built by the Romans.

Future

• Active voice: The teacher will write a guide for students.
• Passive voice: A guide for students will be written by the teacher.

Grammar: Passive Extension

Present Continuous

• Active: They are building a new bridge.
• Passive: A new bridge is being built.

Past Continuous

• Active: He was painting the living room.
• Passive: The living room was being painted.

Verb to have got (tener)

Affirmative     Negative

I have got             I have not got (haven't)

You have got          You have not got

He/She/It has got       He/She/It has not got

We have got            We have not got

You have got          You have not got

They have got          They have not got

Interrogative

Have I got?
Have you got?
Has he/she/it got?
Have we got?
Have you got?
Have they got?

Pronombre demostrativo

• This: este, esta o esto
• That: ese, esa o eso
• These: estos, estas
• Those: esos, esas, aquellos, aquellas
• There is: hay (singular)
• There are: hay (plural)

Verb to be (ser o estar)

Affirmative     Negative

I am                I am not

You are            You are not

He/...

What are your top environmental worries?

I have a lot of environmental worries. Taking care of the environment and the planet is extremely important, since it’s the only planet we have.

Plastic contamination

I believe my top environmental worry is plastic contamination. People throw a lot of plastic into the sea, and this brings many problems. Plastic kills sea animals, birds, etc. It’s also not biodegradable; it takes hundreds of years to degrade completely. Plastic is toxic.

Water

Another important worry of mine is water. We are used to wasting and contaminating it. Water is a necessity for everyone. Every creature needs water to live, so we must take care of it. People have to take care of water and not waste it.

Technology: positive and negative

Tiempos Verbales en Inglés

Present Simple

Uso: rutinas, situaciones permanentes y leyes naturales.

• Afirmativa: sujeto + verbo en presente
• Negativa: sujeto + don't/doesn't + verbo en infinitivo
• Interrogativa: QW + do/does + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo?

Present Continuous

Uso: acciones que se están realizando en el momento en que se habla y situaciones cíclicas en un periodo de tiempo definido.

• Afirmativa: sujeto + am/is/are + verbo-ing
• Negativa: sujeto + am/is/are + not + verbo-ing
• Interrogativa: QW + am/is/are + sujeto + verbo-ing?

Past Simple

Uso: acciones que comenzaron y terminaron en el pasado.

• Afirmativa: sujeto + verbo-ed
• Negativa: sujeto + didn't + verbo en infinitivo
• Interrogativa: did + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo?

Past Continuous

Uso: acciones...

Algoritmos de Ordenamiento Quicksort para Listas de Reproducción

A continuación se presentan diferentes variantes e implementaciones del algoritmo Quicksort en Python, diseñadas para ordenar listas de canciones (tracks) considerando el flujo musical mediante el tempo (BPM) de forma ascendente y la energía de forma descendente.

Implementación 1: Partición de Lomuto con Copia Segura de Lista

Esta variante utiliza el esquema clásico de partición de Lomuto y genera una copia defensiva del arreglo para preservar los datos de la lista original intactos.

def sort_playlist_by_flow(tracks, use_energy):
    # Comparador del DJ (devuelve True si a < b)
    def less(a, b):
        bpm_a = a[1]
        bpm_b = b[1]
        if bpm_a != bpm_b:

Oliver Twist: ejercicios de inglés sobre la novela de Charles Dickens

Match a number from A with a letter from B to make complete sentences.

1 D The workhouse boys chose Oliver ... to ask for more food.

2 A Oliver ran away from the undertaker’s shop ... to find work in London.

3 B When Nancy saw Oliver ... she pretended to be his sister.

4 E Oliver went to see Mr Brownlow ... but he had moved to the West Indies.

5 C Monks wanted Oliver to die ... so he could keep all the money himself.

Who said this in the story?

‘Please, sir, I want some more.’ ... Oliver

‘Is my poor little brother Oliver here?’ ... Nancy

‘So you wanted to get away, my dear, did you?’ ... Fagin

‘Never let me hear the boy’s name again.’ ... Mr Brownlow

‘If you don’t...